Syncretism And Anti Syncretism The Politics Of Religious...

SA2602 Book review Syncretism/anti-syncretism: the politics of religious synthesis Charles Stewart, Rosalind Shaw,1994 Syncretism, a controversial topic in anthropology yet occur to me a rather new and unfamiliar subject. Reading Stewart and Shaw’s work would be my first encounter to the idea and discussion of syncretism, and aided as an introduction to syncretism. Thus the aim of this book review is to show my understanding, merely as a novice reader trying to get a glimpse of the seemingly obscure term and discourse about syncretism, and evaluation on this literature. Syncretism/anti-syncretism: the politics of religious synthesis aim to redefine syncretism, re-examine the idea of syncretism and discuss syncretism as subject of debate between religion and ritual. Composed of 10 chapters by several contributors, this book covers the subject in aspects of syncretism in colonial subject as dominance and subversion(Kempf), syncretism as tolerance and as hierarchical encompassment (van der Veer); unintentional making of syncretism via translation(Meyer) and misinterpretation lead to form of anti-syncretism(Yalcin-Hackmann). I will focus on Charles Stewart’s Syncretism as a dimension of nationalist discourse in modern Greece and Lale Yalcin-Hackmann’s Are fireworks is Islamic? Towards an understanding of Turkish migrants and Islam in Germany. Yalcin-Hackmann argues that any investigation of syncretic tendencies in migrant culture and religion has to handle the problem ofShow MoreRelatedSouth American Colonialsim Essay2119 Words   |  9 Pagesbeliefs now coexist between both groups. What distinctly happened within the culture of the South American indigenous population was syncretism, or the synthesis of both old and borrowed traditions, a common occurrence of colonization in which one civilization dominates the other and forces elements of conversion(Kessing, 394). In addition to this process of syncretism, both of these cultures became stronger, more diversified and open to new ideas. Due to similar preexisting beliefs, the Natives

Web Architecture And Components Of Web - 1165 Words

Web Architecture and components, which allow the Internet and website to function. Web architecture and components, which allow the internet and websites to function, are IPS, Web hosting, domain names registrars, domain structure and worldwide web. These are all the web architecture that is needed to make a website function. Web architecture. Web architecture is a term that can refer to either hardware or software separately or together. This system always describes its broad outlines and may state the precise mechanisms too. ISP. ISP stands for Internet Service provider, which is for broadband access and allows you to receive the broadband modem hardware or a monthly fee for the equipment would be added to ISP account billing. Examples of ISP Web hosting services. A Web Hosting Service is where a company will buy a certain amount of storage space on a network, which will be able to be seen from the public through the IP address. This will store their website files so the third user will visit the website and this will allow the users to view the website by downloading packets of information. Domain names registrars and Domain structure. This will refer to a public IP address of a website and is used for the users to easily understand the name instead of numbers. The Domain Names are extensions that come after the webpage such as .com, .net, .co.uk, .gov and .org. this will allow viewers to connect to the websites by using the Domain name instead of numbers.Show MoreRelatedWeb Architecture And Components Of Web2372 Words   |  10 PagesWeb Architecture and Components LO1 Web Architecture- Internet service Providers (ISP’s) This is a company that provides you with access to the Internet. Common methods for doing this include phone line also known as a ‘Dial Up’ or a broadband connection either with a cable or DSL. There are also other methods that they use, such as wireless connection. The ISP will also determine the speed of connection to the internet. It is dependent on the exchange and physically how far away from the wiresRead MoreWeb Architecture And Components Of Web2372 Words   |  10 PagesWeb Architecture and Components LO1 Web Architecture- Internet service Providers (ISP’s) This is a company that provides you with access to the Internet. Common methods for doing this include phone line also known as a ‘Dial Up’ or a broadband connection either with a cable or DSL. There are also other methods that they use, such as wireless connection. The ISP will also determine the speed of connection to the internet. It is dependent on the exchange and physically how far away from the wiresRead MoreWeb Architecture And Components ( P1 ) Essay1206 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Contents Web Architecture and Components (P1) 1 The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1) 1 Web Protocols (D1) 1 Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3) 1 Web Architecture and Components (P1) The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication (M1) Web Protocols (D1) Factors that influence Website Performance (P2, P3) P1 In P1 I will be talking about how the World Wide Web works and what is the purpose of ISPs and the web hosting services thatRead MoreP1 : Web Architecture And Components1586 Words   |  7 PagesP1: Web architecture and components Here is a simple diagram showing how users use the internet and connect to it. Below are some of the critical features to internet usage: ISP (internet service provider) They provide a way to access the internet and is connected with clients, via fibre optic, copper wiring and wireless. It also domain registration names. Examples of internet service providers are BT, SKY and Talk Talk. ISP is used to send packets of information andRead MoreHow Web Architecture And Components2290 Words   |  10 PagesPerformance Contents Introduction Web Architecture and Components The role of Web Architecture in Website Communication Web Protocols Factors that influence Website Performance Introduction Web Architecture and Components 1) a. How the World Wide Web works.... The World Wide Web is an organisation in which web resources and other documents are identified by URLs as well as interlinked by hypertext documents and can be amassed over the internet. The World Wide Web works through the http protocolRead MoreP1 : Web Architecture And Components961 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 28 P1 M1 – Web Architecture and components P1 Web Architecture – Is what creates the internet, and allows it to function Internet Service Providers (IPS) – With IPS, they are companies that will measure the amount of data that you are sending through the internet, they basically give the users access to the internet in order to use it. A lot of IPS in our time will allow many ways to connect the user to the internet, the three main ways that are used are; Digital subscriber line (DSL), fibreRead MoreOnline Web : All About Web Architecture And Components2548 Words   |  11 PagesUnit 28 web production Webzy Geek – All about web architecture and components Have you ever wondered how the internet works? Webzy Geek is here to help. This article will help you understand the web architecture and components needed to make the internet work. What is an internet service provider (ISP)? Internet service providers are organisations that provide internet connections to people using connected devices (smartphones, laptops etc.). These organisations usually charge a fee to be able toRead MoreWeb Architecture And Components That Enable Internet And Web Functionality2090 Words   |  9 PagesUnit 28 – Website Production Assignment 1 Alex Aricci – 2nd October 2014 P1 Introduction The purpose of this report is to outline the web architecture and components that enable internet and web functionality. Internet Service Providers (ISP) ISPs are the companies which own or rent the infrastructure which provides internet access to its customers for a fee. ISPs often offer different services at different price points with more expensive ones often having higher bandwidth and download limitsRead MoreWeb Architecture And Components Which Enable Internet And Web Functionality1314 Words   |  6 PagesP1 Web Architecture and Components which enable Internet and Web Functionality Web Architecture Web architecture is the design and structure of a website, like building a house or a building it must start from the basics in order to work and function properly. Internet Service Providers (ISP) An internet service provider is important as they supply the company or person with access to the internet. The internet service provider will normally charge for this service to connect to the internet. TheRead MoreWeb Architecture And Components, Which Enable Web And Internet Functionality1410 Words   |  6 PagesTASK 1 Introduction: For this assignment I will have to outline the web architecture and components, which enable web and Internet functionality. Furthermore I’ve be asked to write technical articles for issues on a magazine for my business as it was asked to do by my manager. ISPs: ISP is short for internet service provider, what this actually is, is basically a business/company that provides an internet connection to access the web, they provide the connection in return for fees by adding you to

Imposed in ederly driver Free Essays

Should special conditions be imposed on elderly Victorian There have been four high-profile traffic accidents Involving older drivers In the past few days. As we known, Victorian Is the only Australia state which does not have compulsory testing of driving license held by older motorists. However, it does not mean that mandatory testing should be imposed on elderly driver in Victorian due to mandatory testing does not make the road safer, older drivers are more cautious and elderly driver promotes economics development. We will write a custom essay sample on Imposed in ederly driver or any similar topic only for you Order Now Firstly, mandatory testing of older driver does not make the roads safer. Most of the states have the restrictions for elderly drivers except Victorian. For example, According to Australia government, In New South Wales drivers aged 75 and over must pass an annual medical examination or pass a practical driving test every second years. In Queensland, drivers over 75 must only drive with a medical certificate issued by a doctor. However, according to the Victoria, Vic had the lowest older driver crash rate per number of license Issued by comparing the crash rates of elder driver across the country which surprised audience about the statistic. The statistic shows audience older driver in Victoria without legal equipment did not increase the crashes rate however it is safer compare to the other states in Australia. Secondly, most of the drivers are more cautious and therefore there are safer than younger driver. Not only Judith Carlton writes that ‘older drivers actually aware of their own limitations’. For example, by choosing easy-to-manage driving environments or by choosing not to drive at night. T also professor Raphael Criticize from Transport and Road Safety unit at nun of news satisfying people just don’t have a perception of risk, in terms of driving skills, in terms of crashes. The media affect our decision. The contrast of two opinions is obvious that older driver are more careful than younger drivers. Thirdly, allowing driver to drive will promotes economic development. According to Victoria seniors over 70 had 10 percent of Victorian licenses In 2012 and worse still. Australian the proportio n of people over the age of 65 will increase from 11. Recent in 2001 to 24,2 percent in 2051 which means there are more elderly driver in the road. If special condition imposed on elderly Victorian motorists. Many elder drivers will be taken licenses away . Then, it is hard for them to go out and spending money on shopping centre coffee shops and so on because these are away from uptown which also prevent economic development. On the other side, society think of older people do not need cars to travel or to work, public transport is available for older driver. Even though Victoria has a extensive and safe public transport system. Older driver can not easily travel for routine travel to shop and for social reasons because number of run relatively little especially on the weekend, It runs every one hour and finishes earlier which means It is Last but not least, driving a car is right of older driver. Forbidden to drive due to the age is unfair. Should older drivers stay on the road will be a serious problem due to aging population. The government needs to work out a good way to help them driving safely. How to cite Imposed in ederly driver, Papers

Arranged marriages free essay sample

Abstract The most commonly recognized are pragmatic marriages, where the bride and groom have no choice in the selection of a prospective partner. The children of the parents have no say in who becomes their new partner. The eldest in many families end up making the final decision. This has been current tradition in international cultures for years and years. They do this often to preserve the history and respect for the family. This way no one can come in and change what’s common to them and make them adapt to a brand new way of living. This however has not been a big fan of people who criticize the way arranged marriages are not fair for the individuals who go through the process. They say the countries only have a low divorce rate due to its strict policy on it than the actual marriage its self (Robinson) Arranged marriages have said to be a smarter and wiser decision for its young couples. We will write a custom essay sample on Arranged marriages or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The elders above them say their wisdom selects a more compatible partner than the child would them self. This has been a long disputed battle that has pros and cons to its methods. Pros of Arranged Marriages When someone is put into an arranged marriage it’s more to satisfy the families more so than the people getting married. Even though the couples might not always like each other like that, it’s still a benefit of whose family you’re getting married into. You can be one of the less rich in the country but all that can change if you’re arranged to be partnered with a person from a slightly wealthier family who have more money. The person getting married is taking a sacrifice in way to be with this random person for marriage but it’s for the greater good of the whole family. It’s not always known but when the family arranges the marriage of who’s in it, they also decide when they should get married in life. This can be in school, when they reach a certain age, or whatever they think best fits when to marry them (Phillips). An advantage that arranged marriages hold over non arranged marriages is the same lifestyles that both individuals have. This creates a similarities and experiences that both can relate to. They don’t have to find what makes them compatible and alike as in common marriages in the United States. We have different kinds of people from a lot cultures and lifestyles around that no one truly has the same style or personality. Usually when these people in countries overseas get married they are a little bit younger than the average person is when they get married in non arranged marriages. This is a big reason why the leadership that the parents and elders bring is helpful to picking out a husband or wife. They want to bring into their family the best candidate that fits their daughter and son and the family in general. In a typical situation where two people who are married and can’t support themselves they have both the parents and the parent in laws to pick up the slack for them. They usually live with them in the same house but even if they don’t they’re still usually close like in the same neighborhood at lease. This comes as huge benefit to the families as help in raising the kids or anything they ask for will or can be provided. Arrange marriages tend to work most the time since both side of the families put in to make everything work. According to studies the divorce rate in the Untied States and Canada are forty and fifty percent, while in arranged marriages its four (Harland) The child of the families are able to focus on their life and goals since their parents do the work searching for another partner(Harland) Cons of Arranged Marriages The worst thing you could have happen to you is having to spend your life with someone you had no say in picking out. If you end up likening that person all is well but the risk of you not is also a factor. You can’t however decide you don’t want to marry that person that is picked for you because it shows disrespect to the family’s decision to bring you two together for marriage. The relationships in arranged marriages are based a lot on that person’s social and financial status rather then the love and connection you see in non arranged marriages. It doesn’t matter if those two people have no connection what so ever and don’t see themselves spending the rest of their lives with the opposite. It’s whoever best fits the valuesthat either person can offer from their respective families. Most of the time the parent can also be criticized for making a bad choice about who their child married depending on how well the marriage goes over the years. The major disadvantage to an arranged marriage is that the choice of which someone spends their life with isnt up to them. Couples in arranged marriages may have to work past differences in personality. There is also no guarantee that both families will continue to get along over the course of the marriage, even if they offer full support at the beginning of the relationship. Cultures who primarily use the method don’t really believe the meaning of love like the typical person would in the United States. The trust in ones social background and financial status is more important to consider. The couples may experience love at times but say it will diminish soon after. Arranged marriages also get complicated when there is trouble with the extended family. There are a lot of says and opinions when you have both families at a disagreement about something, unlike for a regular marriage whose disputes are most of the time settled by them only. In arranged marriages the couple getting married has never met each other. They may have the same views and backgrounds but these are two people who never seen each other most likely and now are getting married. This can cause opposition with various situations leading to the other not to accept the marriage and how it work out. You have no clue what to expect from a marriage with a complete stranger. You give up all the key traits needed to be known that usually make up all the reasons someone would decide to marry. This is why usually a arranged marriage the couples are not completely compatible with one another because of the differences they may have before hand. Either way they couldn’t decline the decision to marry them because of it being the parent’s decision. The couples in arranged marriages will never share the same type of love a non arranged marriage couple. They simply won’t have anything to build off of and never develop their relationship (Phillips). Since you don’t know this person you marring, the risk you take by now being stuck with whatever secret that person may be hiding is scary. It can be from being a too controlling and rough or various daily activities that make them a un normal person to get along with (Phillips). Arranged Marriages are also known to be very difficult when they get divorce. The consequences range from spiritual punishment, to harassment and negative results(Phillips) So whenever a person is involved in a arranged marriage they lose there will to say anything ever again almost in any situation. All the pressure is up to the parents and families since it was their decision to plan the whole thing and who their daughter or son married. This is has been the norm for hundreds of years in a lot of countries and will continue to be. Not some people will agree with the methods but that’s their opinion and will not change the people who practice it. They will not break their tradition.

Their Music Will Keep You Up At Night free essay sample

Cimorelli, a Nashville-based band of six sisters, has released their debut album in May of 2016. The teen pop band has been singing songs since 2007 and have been posting covers of favored artists on YouTube since August of 2009. Rising to fame with their debut cover of â€Å"Party In The USA† by Miley Cyrus, the group has covered songs by Drake, Taylor Swift, Demi Lovato, Ed Sheeran, and more. The girls have a mix of acapella, acoustics, and backing tracks with their covers. Most of their acapella videos were filmed in El Dorado Hills, California. They’ve also released two full length albums after, Alive and Sad Girls Club, as well as seven EPs and one mixtape, along with many singles. This album is different to their other works because these are songs that they’ve completely written by themselves. They also have two shows on YouTube and go90 titled â€Å"Summer with Cimorelli† and â€Å"Life as Cimorelli† along with a podcast. We will write a custom essay sample on Their Music Will Keep You Up At Night or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page You can definitely see that there is a collection of despondent songs in the middle of the album. The theme is the highs and lows of a relationship and life. A song that stands out is Fall Back. Combining stories between all six girls, this is the most popular song on the album, according to iTunes. Some of the lyrics include going to grocery stores and football games, seeing the person you like, and falling back into the memories. Some lyrics are â€Å"I fall back wish we had it all back. Said I was done with you but I just cant run from you. Baby now its all bad. You wont even call back. But every time I catch you looking at me like that, I, I fall back. I, I fall back.† One song that sags is Brave Heart. This is the first Christian song from this group. Some fans were not fans of this, while some were ecstatic. Some lyrics are â€Å"I place my life in your hands. Put my trust in your plans. Without you Im falling apart, With you I have a brave heart.† This album differs from others of the Cimorelli sisters because there is a set theme that they have stated in their â€Å"Up At Night (Track By Track)† video on YouT ube. On the scale of Brave Heart to Fall Back, Up At Night falls at an I’m A Mess, the fifth popular song on the fourteen-track album. I’d give this a rating of five sisters out of six. An observation in their track-by-track video is something that Dani said: â€Å"Your feelings are valid and it’s okay to be sad, it’s okay to be happy, it’s okay to be down, whatever. Everything, it’s all good and it’s productive.†

Why is there a need for reconciliation projects within austr essays

Why is there a need for reconciliation projects within austr essays Why is there a need for reconciliation projects within Australia? When Europeans discovered Australia in the year 1770, they declared the land terra nullius- uninhabited. However, this was not true. This erroneous statement was what led to years of violence, discrimination, massacre and racial discord which continues to have devastating effects on our society, more than 20 decades later. As a nation, we still bear the scars from this period, and it is now, more than ever, that we need to focus on reconciliation. The term reconciliation means to bring into agreement or harmony, to render no longer opposed. The current Australian project of reconciliation refers to efforts to resolve past issues and differences between Australias indigenous population and the wider community. It was established in 1991, when the commonwealth parliament voted to found the council for Aboriginal reconciliation, aswell as to begin a formal reconciliation process. This came as the result of continuingly obvious inequalities and hostility between both groups. The 26th of January is a day on which many Australians celebrate the founding of modern- day Australia. However, for many indigenous Australians, this day is not one of celebration but one of mourning and protest. It signifies the loss of their traditional culture, death, disownment, and disease. When Europeans first colonized Australia they spread sickness and conflict throughout the Aboriginal settlements- they took the lives of many indigenous peoples, and stole their children to bring up as their own. For years after, Aboriginal people were despised and discriminated against, robbed of their land and their rights. Indigenous people were not allowed to vote until 1962, and could not even be counted as an Australian citizen until 1967. Although today Australias Aboriginals are recognised as the equals of white Australians, and racist attitudes are part of a small mino ...

Newspaper Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Newspaper Industry - Essay Example We shall tackle both sides of the argument individually so as to gain proper insight on the issues involved in the debate. The negative impact that the internet has had on the newspaper industry is mainly as a result of the switch of consumers from printed material to electronic material for news, entertainment among other uses. The impact of this switch is evident in the steady decline of readership and circulation which has since become more of a norm than an exception, with readerships dropping in rates as high as 16% (Miller, 2005) The internet affects print media on three major frontiers, advertisement revenue, readership and innovation and technology. Since the largest source of revenue for newspapers is advertisement, newspapers stand to suffer if they do not offer competitive packages for their customers. This has led to severe rates undercutting which has in turn dug into the revenues of the newspapers resulting in job cuts, plagiarism and writing of untrue and fictitious stories and events with shameless abandon (Hughes, 2006). The reason for this can partially be attributed to the fact that a dvertisers try to promote their products to the highest possible audience at the lowest cost, the internet offers a better than perfect substitute for newspapers for several reasons. For instance, the internet has far much more ahead as far as accessibility is concerned compared to newspapers. Whereas the latter offers some options for leisure and recreation in one or two pages, these options are comparatively limited to those which the internet can offer because at the simple click of a button one can access millions of online entertainment sites. Online advertisements are also more effective because in the first place, there are lesser limits to the size of the advertisement in relation to the total surface area available wherein it might take up to a quarter of the page at a minimal cost. In contrast, a quarter page advertisement in a newspaper is bound to cost quite a lot, actually about 21times that of the online advertisement (Karp, 2007). It is therefore quite clear that onli ne advertisements are more cost effective than their print counterparts. In addition, online advertisements have the option of containing hyperlinks, which connect the user to the advertiser's website where he can find much more information about them, their products and/or services, giving rise to more opportunities of turning the advertisement leads into sales. The newspaper advertisements can do little else than just display the advertisers' contact details after the main content. The advertisements themselves have much better design when online because they may be made dynamic, which basically means that they may have movements and even sounds to accompany them which greatly enhances their memorability and ability to capture the attention of the target reader. In sharp contrast, advertisements in newspapers are limited to showing a single picture which may not be as attractive. The

A Person Who Has Made Some Contribution to Mathematics Essay

A Person Who Has Made Some Contribution to Mathematics - Essay Example Moreover, a large number of the discoveries made by these prominent mathematicians have a basis in the medicine, technologies, and science that are currently common place (Hazewinkel 8). All in all, there are some recognized individuals who have made significant contributions to mathematics and their names cannot be disregarded. One of these significant people is Pythagoras. This paper will look at Pythagoras as an individual who has made a significant contribution to the field of mathematics. Pythagoras made leading contributions to religious and philosophical teachings in the final period of the 6th century BC. Pythagoras is frequently venerated as a great mystic, mathematician, and scientist. Also, he is largely associated with the Pythagorean Theorem which was named after him. Nevertheless, because obfuscation and legend obscure his work even more than that of the other philosophers who existed during the pre-Socratic period, individuals are only compelled to only provide specula tive accounts of his instructions, and a number of people have questioned if made much contribution to natural philosophy and mathematics. It may be argued that a large composition of the achievements credited to Pythagoras may in reality have been achievements of his successors and colleagues. In addition, whether or not his followers believed that everything was connected to mathematics and that numbers were the definitive reality is not known. It has also been asserted that Pythagoras was the first person to refer to himself as a philosopher. A philosopher refers to an individual who loves wisdom. It has also been argued that his notions employed a marked inspiration on Plato, and through him, the entire philosophy in the West. Additionally, Pythagoras was very properly educated (Malone 22). He was also inspired by several philosophers while he was a child. The most significant philosophers who inspired him include Thales and Pherekydes. Thales was the one who introduced him to m athematical concepts. Pythagoras became interested in cosmology, astronomy, and math because of Thales. Pythagoras was fascinated by all concepts of mathematics. Pythagoras was captivated by numbers and the concept of numbers. He developed a theory which asserted that every relation would be decreased to some form of number. In addition, he developed a theory on scales and ratios being created with the reverberation of vibrating strings. His ideas made a tremendous contribution to the music theory. Moreover, Pythagoras researched numerous different forms of numbers, for example, perfect squares, odd numbers, and triangles. He supposed that every number was unique and different and contained its own individual characteristic. For instance, it may be argued that ten is the most suitable number because it has four successive integers, that is, 1+2+3+4=10. However, the most tremendous contribution made by Pythagoras to the field of mathematics in the current period is Pythagoras theorem . Pythagoras has always been given credit for developing the Pythagoras theorem since the 4th century AD. The Pythagoras theorem is a theorem in geometry which explains that in all right-angled triangles the area of the square on the side opposite the right angle is equivalent to the aggregate of the squares of the other two sides. While the Pythagoras theorem was previously known and employed by the Indians and Babylonians, he or his apprentices, are frequently said to have developed the foremost evidence (Hermann 76). Nonetheless, it should be emphasized that the manner in which the Indians and Babylonians dealt with Pythagorean numbers indicates that they were aware that the idea was, in general, valid, and

Economics of Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics of Industry - Essay Example buy problem. Therefore, firms and companies can anatomize their Human Resource Management system in order to develop the necessary skills in-house or they can constitute their Human Resource Management to attract the workmen with the obligatory skills on the extrinsic market. For developing consistent as well as competitive manufacturing strategies, the need is somewhat established. This fundamental subject in the development of a manufacturing strategy is the grit of what the company makes and what it buys (Platts et. al, 2000). Chronologically, such decisions have always been made primarily on the grounds of cost, however, in recent years there has been a successive cognizance on the strategic implications of these decisions and the requirement of pondering over a wide range of other factors as well. This paper determines and analyzes the problems related to agency relationships, asymmetric information, and undesirable assortment which are faced by firms who face such decisions. Moreover, it critically evaluates the possible remedies which can address the three problems discussed, which are associated with agency costs. The analysis of effects of the private agents being less than fully rational in their expectations can lead to depletion of the values and position of the firm. In the context of monetary policy, where the Central Bank may possess come uncertain preferences, the innovative characteristic could be the allowance of public to react in two different ways. One of them could be the formation of rational expectations, and another could be the internalization of uncertainty about the Bank's reference in complete. The cost of internalization appears to be the most appropriate guess regarding those preferences. In the progression of framing anticipations or expectations, the assumption of rational expectations enables all the agents involved in sharing the information from the same set. Nonetheless, with the breaking down of the assumption of common information, may be due to infeasibility, or because of the high-cost of acquirement of all the information others have, the agents have to resort to second-guessing the reactions of their counterparts. Agents can seem to be wide off the mark while making educated guesses about the characteristics of others and the consequences to the ideal case of full information and rational expectations could be hazardous. From the point of view of the private sector, a monetary policy can be applied where, for example, the Central Bank has tentative preferences. This could be a matter of choice, since, the bank itself does not unleash certain aspects of what it is cognizant of, or because the Central Bank does not possess firm information itself and, as a result, is unable to commit to one specific set of parameters for all the circumstances (Demertzis & Hallet, 2008). Authors like Geraats and Walsh have analyzed the first case

The quiet American

The quiet American Summary: Fowler is a Journalist and he has left his wife. Then he lived in Saigon during the French-Vietnamese war, along with a Chinese woman, Phuong. An American diplomat, Pyle will also feature. He has read books about China, which have influenced his thinking throughout, because he has quite a few strange ideas about the course of the war. Pyle is also in love with Phuong Fowler goes a few days to the battlefield at Phat Diem, where he describes the situation. To his amazement Pyle will also show up, to tell that he wants to marry Phuong. He made the trip in spite of all the dangers to tell Fowler that he must not go to Phuong before Fowler is back. When Fowler is back goes he, Pyle en Phuong talk about her future. Phuong says nothing. Then goes Fowler to a special place 50 miles north of Saigon. There he sees Pyle. Because his belly is broken, he goes back with Fowler. Then they are without gasoline. They go to a guard tower along the road. Then there are soldiers but the soldiers dont see the tower. Pyle and Fowler managed to escape, but thereto Fowler breaks a leg. Romanisatie weergevenPyle brings him to a hospital, and so he saves his life. Romanisatie weergevenPhuong comes to visit him in hospital, but after a few weeks she finally chooses to Pyle. Romanisatie weergevenShe leaves Fowler because he cant marry her. In the meanwhile Pyle supports the third army. Romanisatie weergevenLater, a bomb is not stopped when a military parade had been cancelled. When Fowler come off this, he enabled his own connections to murder Pyle. After that Romanisatie weergeven Fowler and Phuong are back together and happy. Analysis interpretation Genre: A psychological war novel, because the main character has lots of troubles during war. Themes: War : the story is set during the war in Vietnam. Relations: in the story, two friends named, Fowler an Pyle, are fighting about the love of a girl named, Phuong. Structure: There are many flashbacks, so the story is not chronological. The book contains three parts. Those three parts contain out of four chapters. In the end Pyle dies, so the end is closed. Characters: There are three main characters in the story: Fowler: A journalist. He is a person with guts, but doesnt always take everything for granted. Pyle: he is involved in the war as an American diplomat. he is an honest person and he has much trust in other people. Phuong: She is a Vietnamese woman. She is the fiancà ©e of Pyle, but after he was murdered, she married Fowler. She is easily suppressed, and she Quigley does what other people tell her to do. Time: The story is set during the Vietnamese war between the Vietminh and the French. Its exactly from March 1952 till June 1955. Perspective: The story is told by Pyle. space: the story is set in Saigon and Hanoi. Those are the biggest towns in Vietnam. Language and style: The story language is English dialogue. There are much conversations between the main character and another person. The story is pretty serious because there are not much comic moments in the story. Personal opinion Opinion Cornà © I tought the book was very confusing for somewhone how never red a english book. In the first pages was one of the main characters ,Pyle, dead, but in the other pages he was alive. After al I new it was a flashback but I didnt new that before. But it was a exciting book because war had a major role. I always like books where war played a major role. When I must read a book for Dutch, I prefer book with war. Those books are exciting and sometimes the contain humor. Humor is also a major factor for a book. Humor didnt sit in The quiet American. That was very unfortunate. In the end it was a exciting book but I dont think I will read it again. There was to many humor and it was confusing. I think I must have a book without flashbacks. A book with no flashbacks reads a lot better. Opinion Martijn I think this book is very good written. The was in the book is very well describe and it is very realistic. I found the book very bold, this is mainly because the story takes place during the war. A very big drawback of this book is that there very difficult words are used. This is very difficult to get into the story and it is much harder to understand the story. And it is especially difficult if youre bad in English, like me. The characters in the book will fit well into the story home, also the characters are very realistic. This makes the book more attractive So if someone like it to read English books , than is this book a real must. Opinion Jogchum This book was hard for me to understand, because there are many difficult words in the book, and Im not really good at English. I think this book was exciting, because it goes about war, and mostly books about war are exciting. I found the book well written, because the characters that the author used well described. Furthermore, the author has much knowledge of war, because he used this knowledge, you could notice that many things from the war emerged. Romanisatie weergeven I thought it was a realistic book, because it could happen in real life. Opinion Jochum In my opinion, this book wasnt really a exiting book. It was pretty hard to read and because of that it became a little bit boring. That it was hard to read was because it was English. Not that I have trouble reading English, but the book contained a lot of English proverbs. When I read English I just translate the words, but here I had much misunderstandings. There were proverbs like: Slow fire ah boil hard cow-heel. There were also a lot of difficult words like, vaguely, reassuring and crippled. I also had a continuous feeling that the phrases were grammatically incorrect, but that could be, because that this is an old book or that this book is written in a different dialect. The story was pretty exiting tough, because it was about war. And war is an exiting time. Unfortunately I didnt really understand the story, because of the difficult words and proverbs. Background Information of Graham Greene Graham Greene was an english author, play wright and literary critic. Unfortunately he is deceased. He was born on the 2th of october 1904 and was passed away on the 3th of april 1991. His father was director of his school. He went below to the balliol college on the unversity of Oxford. His first book was published in 1925. He where Catholic after he graduated. He where a journalist but this wasnt a succes. He caused the bankruptcy of the magazine he worked for. His books are modern-realistic style. It contains often people who doubt themselves and the darkside. His books were divided into thrillers with entertainment, but those books had philosophical side. His reputation was built on the literary books as the power and the glory. He becames famous because he brought together the entertainment and literature.

Against The War Essay -- Argumenative Persuasive Papers

Against The War I began exercising my rights as an American citizen in earnest when I was 12 years old. During lunchtime at school, a few kids in my class placed thumbtacks on my teacher’s chair (an old trick). She was understandably very upset when she sat on them. Not having DNA and fingerprint testing at her disposal, Ms. Hana issued the ultimatum that unless those who had committed the act came forward, she would be forced to punish the whole class. We had until the end of the day to produce the guilty persons. The next day Ms. Hana came in and said that we would all be facing detention that day since she had not managed to find out whodunit. I raised my hand and respectfully said that I was sure I was voicing the opinion of many in saying that those who had no part in the act felt the group penalty was unfair. Ms. Hana said that perhaps next time those who were guilty would think again about getting their friends in trouble. I was unsatisfied with her answer and at the end of the day pac ked my book bag and proceeded to walk out of the classroom as usual. â€Å"Where do you think you’re going, young lady?† â€Å"I’m leaving. School is over. I refuse to be held accountable for something I didn’t do,† I replied. My dissatisfaction was duly noted, and I was unceremoniously shepherded back into the classroom and given an even more intensified punishment for daring to argue. I was put in the corner and told to put my hands over my head. As I stood in the corner, humiliated yet defiant, my classmates gave me looks that said, â€Å"Why did you speak up? Why couldn’t you just accept it? Detention is no big deal.† Similarly, the Afghani people must now stand and collectively raise their hands above their heads. The difference is th... ...housand miles away, where the sounds of bombs falling cannot be heard and the screams of dying people can be ignored, perhaps we can justify this outrageous war. Many people will do so in an attempt to sleep at night. Others, like me, will go to bed with a little less hope in our hearts and a little more sadness. We are now being fed a diatribe of righteous indignation and are told that war is our only option in the fight against terrorism. Not only is it the only option, it is the only patriotic option. Whoever speaks out in opposition is labeled a traitor and put in the â€Å"them† category. So be it. I hereby, officially, register my opposition to the war effort against the people of Afghanistan. I register my opposition to a bombing campaign that will â€Å"regrettably† result in civilian casualties. I do not want my tax money to kill a child. Is that so much to ask?

Chapter 7 The Boggart in the Wardrobe

Malfoy didn't reappear in classes until late on Thursday morning, when the Slytherins and Gryffindors were halfway through double Potions. He swaggered into the dungeon, his right arm covered in bandages and bound up in a sling, acting, in Harry's opinion, as though he were the heroic survivor of some dreadful battle. â€Å"How is it, Draco?† simpered Pansy Parkinson. â€Å"Does it hurt much?† â€Å"Yeah,† said Malfoy, putting on a brave sort of grimace. But Harry saw him wink at Crabbe and Goyle when Pansy had looked away. â€Å"Settle down, settle down,† said Professor Snape idly. Harry and Ron scowled at each other; Snape wouldn't have said ‘settle down' if they'd walked in late, he'd have given them detention. But Malfoy had always been able to get away with anything in Snape's classes; Snape was head of Slytherin House, and generally favored his own students above all others. They were making a new potion today, a Shrinking Solution. Malfoy set up his cauldron right next to Harry and Ron, so that they were preparing their ingredients on the same table. â€Å"Sir,† Malfoy called, â€Å"sir, I'll need help cutting up these daisy roots, because of my arm –â€Å" â€Å"Weasley, cut up Malfoy's roots for him,† said Snape without looking up. Ron went brick red. â€Å"There's nothing wrong with your arm,† he hissed at Malfoy. Malfoy smirked across the table. â€Å"Weasley, you heard Professor Snape; cut up these roots.† Ron seized his knife, pulled Malfoy's roots toward him, and began to chop them roughly, so that they were all different sizes. â€Å"Professor,† drawled Malfoy, â€Å"Weasley's mutilating my roots, sir.† Snape approached their table, stared down his hooked nose at the roots, then gave Ron an unpleasant smile from beneath his long, greasy black hair. â€Å"Change roots with Malfoy, Weasley.† â€Å"But, sir –!† Ron had spent the last quarter of an hour carefully shredding his own roots into exactly equal pieces. â€Å"Now,† said Snape in his most dangerous voice. Ron shoved his own beautifully cut roots across the table at Malfoy, then took up the knife again. â€Å"And, sir, I'll need this shrivelfig skinned,† said Malfoy, his voice full of malicious laughter. â€Å"Potter, you can skin Malfoy's shrivelfig,† said Snape, giving Harry the look of loathing he always reserved just for him. Harry took Malfoy's shrivelfig as Ron began trying to repair the damage to the roots he now had to use. Harry skinned the shrivelfig as fast as he could and flung it back across the table at Malfoy without speaking. Malfoy was smirking more broadly than ever. â€Å"Seen your pal Hagrid lately?† he asked them quietly. â€Å"None of your business,† said Ron jerkily, without looking up. â€Å"I'm afraid he won't be a teacher much longer,† said Malfoy in a tone of mock sorrow. â€Å"Father's not very happy about my injury –â€Å" â€Å"Keep talking, Malfoy, and I'll give you a real injury,† snarled Ron. â€Å"?C he's complained to the school governors. And to the Ministry of Magic. Father's got a lot of influence, you know. And a lasting injury like this† — he gave a huge, fake sigh — â€Å"who knows if my arm'll ever be the same again?† â€Å"So that's why you're putting it on,† said Harry, accidentally beheading a dead caterpillar because his hand was shaking in anger, â€Å"To try to get Hagrid fired.† â€Å"Well,† said Malfoy, lowering his voice to a whisper, â€Å"partly, Potter. But there are other benefits too. Weasley, slice my caterpillars for me.† A few cauldrons away, Neville was in trouble. Neville regularly went to pieces in Potions lessons; it was his worst subject, and his great fear of Professor Snape made things ten times worse. His potion, which was supposed to be a bright, acid green, had turned — â€Å"Orange, Longbottom,† said Snape, ladling some up and allowing to splash back into the cauldron, so that everyone could see. â€Å"Orange. Tell me, boy, does anything penetrate that thick skull of yours? Didn't you hear me say, quite clearly, that only one cat spleen was needed? Didn't I state plainly that a dash of leech juice would suffice? What do I have to do to make you understand, Longbottom?† Neville was pink and trembling. He looked as though he was on the verge of tears. â€Å"Please, sir,† said Hermione, â€Å"please, I could help Neville put it right –â€Å" â€Å"I don't remember asking you to show off, Miss Granger,† said Snape coldly, and Hermione went as pink as Neville. â€Å"Longbottom, at the end of this lesson we will feed a few drops of this potion to your toad and see what happens. Perhaps that will encourage you to do it properly.† Snape moved away, leaving Neville breathless with fear. â€Å"Help me!† he moaned to Hermione. â€Å"Hey, Harry,† said Seamus Finnigan, leaning over to borrow Harry's brass scales, â€Å"have you heard? Daily Prophet this morning — they reckon Sirius Black's been sighted.† â€Å"Where?† said Harry and Ron quickly. On the other side of the table, Malfoy looked up, listening closely. â€Å"Not too far from here,† said Seamus, who looked excited. â€Å"It was a Muggle who saw him. ‘Course, she didn't really understand. The Muggles think he's just an ordinary criminal, don't they? So she phoned the telephone hot line. By the time the Ministry of Magic got there, he was gone.† â€Å"Not too far from here †¦Ã¢â‚¬  Ron repeated, looking significantly at Harry. He turned around and saw Malfoy watching closely. â€Å"What, Malfoy? Need something else skinned?† But Malfoy's eyes were shining malevolently, and they were fixed Harry. He leaned across the table. â€Å"Thinking of trying to catch Black single-handed, Potter?† â€Å"Yeah, that's right,† said Harry offhandedly. Malfoy's thin mouth was curving in a mean smile. â€Å"Of course, if it was me,† he said quietly, â€Å"I'd have done something before now. I wouldn't be staying in school like a good boy, I'd be out there looking for him.† â€Å"What are you talking about, Malfoy?† said Ron roughly. â€Å"Don't you know, Potter?† breathed Malfoy, his pale eyes narrowed. â€Å"Know what?† Malfoy let out a low, sneering laugh. â€Å"Maybe you'd rather not risk your neck,† he said. â€Å"Want to leave it to the Dementors, do you? But if it was me, I'd want revenge. I'd hunt him down myself.† â€Å"What are you talking about?† said Harry angrily, but at that moment Snape called, â€Å"You should have finished adding your ingredients by now; this potion needs to stew before it can be drunk, so clear away while it simmers and then we'll test Longbottom's†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Crabbe and Goyle laughed openly, watching Neville sweat as he stirred his potion feverishly. Hermione was muttering instructions to him out of the corner of her mouth, so that Snape wouldn't see. Harry and Ron packed away their unused ingredients and went to wash their hands and ladles in the stone basin in the corner. â€Å"What did Malfoy mean?† Harry muttered to Ron as he stuck his hands under the icy jet that poured from the gargoyle's mouth â€Å"Why would I want revenge on Black? He hasn't done anything to me — yet.† â€Å"He's making it up,† said Ron savagely. â€Å"He's trying to make you do something stupid†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The end of the lesson in sight, Snape strode over to Neville, who was cowering by his cauldron. â€Å"Everyone gather 'round,† said Snape, his black eyes glittering, â€Å"and watch what happens to Longbottom's toad. If he has managed to produce a Shrinking Solution, it will shrink to a tadpole. If, as I don't doubt, he has done it wrong, his toad is likely to be poisoned.† The Gryffindors watched fearfully. The Slytherins looked excited. Snape picked up Trevor the toad in his left hand and dipped a small spoon into Neville's potion, which was now green. He trickled a few drops down Trevor's throat. There was a moment of hushed silence, in which Trevor gulped; then there was a small pop, and Trevor the tadpole was wriggling in Snape's palm. The Gryffindors burst into applause. Snape, looking sour, pulled a small bottle from the pocket of his robe, poured a few drops on top of Trevor, and he reappeared suddenly, fully grown. â€Å"Five points from Gryffindor,† said Snape, which wiped the smiles from every face. â€Å"I told you not to help him, Miss Granger. Class dismissed.† Harry, Ron, and Hermione climbed the steps to the entrance hall. Harry was still thinking about what Malfoy had said, while Ron was seething about Snape. â€Å"Five points from Gryffindor because the potion was all right! Why didn't you lie, Hermione? You should've said Neville did it all by himself!† Hermione didn't answer. Ron looked around. â€Å"Where is she?† Harry turned too. They were at the top of the steps now, watching the rest of the class pass them, heading for the Great Hall and lunch. â€Å"She was right behind us,† said Ron, frowning. Malfoy passed them, walking between Crabbe and Goyle. He smirked at Harry and disappeared. â€Å"There she is,† said Harry. Hermione was panting slightly, hurrying up the stairs; one hand clutched her bag, the other seemed to be tucking something down the front of her robes. â€Å"How did you do that?† said Ron. â€Å"What?† said Hermione, joining them. â€Å"One minute you were right behind us, the next moment, you were back at the bottom of the stairs again.† â€Å"What?† Hermione looked slightly confused. â€Å"Oh — I had to go back for something. Oh no –â€Å" A seam had split on Hermione's bag. Harry wasn't surprised; he could see that it was crammed with at least a dozen large and heavy books. â€Å"Why are you carrying all these around with you?† Ron asked her. â€Å"You know how many subjects I'm taking,† said Hermione breathlessly. â€Å"Couldn't hold these for me, could you?† â€Å"But –† Ron was turning over the books she had handed him, looking at the covers. â€Å"You haven't got any of these subjects today. It's only Defense Against the Dark Arts this afternoon.† â€Å"Oh yes,† said Hermione vaguely, but she packed all the books back into her bag just the same. â€Å"I hope there's something good for lunch, I'm starving,† she added, and she marched off toward the Great Hall. â€Å"D'you get the feeling Hermione's not telling us something?† Ron asked Harry. ****** Professor Lupin wasn't there when they arrived at his first Defense Against the Dark Arts lesson. They all sat down, took out their books, quills, and parchment, and were talking when he finally entered the room. Lupin smiled vaguely and placed his tatty old briefcase on the teacher's desk. He was as shabby as ever but looked healthier than he had on the train, as though he had had a few square meals. â€Å"Good afternoon,† he said. â€Å"Would you please put all your books back in your bags. Today's will be a practical lesson. You will need only your wands.† A few curious looks were exchanged as the class put away their books. They had never had a practical Defense Against the Dark Arts class before, unless you counted the memorable class last year when their old teacher had brought a cageful of pixies to class and set them loose. â€Å"Right then,† said Professor Lupin, when everyone was ready. â€Å"If you'd follow me.† Puzzled but interested, the class got to its feet and followed Professor Lupin out of the classroom. He led them along the deserted corridor and around a corner, where the first thing they saw was Peeves the Poltergeist, who was floating upside down in midair and stuffing the nearest keyhole with chewing gum. Peeves didn't look up until Professor Lupin was two feet away; then he wiggled his curly-toed feet and broke into song. â€Å"Loony, loopy Lupin,† Peeves sang. â€Å"Loony, loopy Lupin, loony, loopy Lupin –â€Å" Rude and unmanageable as he almost always was, Peeves usually showed some respect toward the teachers. Everyone looked quickly at Professor Lupin to see how he would take this; to their surprise, he was still smiling. â€Å"I'd take that gum out of the keyhole if I were you, Peeves,† he said pleasantly. â€Å"Mr. Filch won't be able to get in to his brooms.† Filch was the Hogwarts caretaker, a bad-tempered, failed wizard who waged a constant war against the students and, indeed, Peeves. However, Peeves paid no attention to Professor Lupin's words, except to blow a loud wet raspberry. Professor Lupin gave a small sigh and took out his wand. â€Å"This is a useful little spell,† he told the class over his shoulder. â€Å"Please watch closely.† He raised the wand to shoulder height, said, â€Å"Waddiwasi!† and pointed it at Peeves. With the force of a bullet, the wad of chewing gum shot out of the keyhole and straight down Peeves's left nostril; he whirled upright and zoomed away, cursing. â€Å"Cool, sir!† said Dean Thomas in amazement. â€Å"Thank you, Dean,† said Professor Lupin, putting his wand away again. â€Å"Shall we proceed?† They set off again, the class looking at shabby Professor Lupin with increased respect. He led them down a second corridor and stopped, right outside the staffroom door. â€Å"Inside, please,† said Professor Lupin, opening it and standing back. The staffroom, a long, paneled room full of old, mismatched chairs, was empty except for one teacher. Professor Snape was sitting in a low armchair, and he looked around as the class filed in. His eyes were glittering and there was a nasty sneer playing around his mouth. As Professor Lupin came in and made to close the door behind him, Snape said, â€Å"Leave it open, Lupin. I'd rather not witness this.† He got to his feet and strode past the class, his black robes billowing behind him. At the doorway he turned on his heel and said, â€Å"Possibly no one's warned you, Lupin, but this class contains Neville Longbottom. I would advise you not to entrust him with anything difficult. Not unless Miss Granger is hissing instructions in his ear.† Neville went scarlet. Harry glared at Snape; it was bad enough that he bullied Neville in his own classes, let alone doing it in front of other teachers. Professor Lupin had raised his eyebrows. â€Å"I was hoping that Neville would assist me with the first stage of the operation,† he said, â€Å"and I am sure he will perform it admirably.† Neville's face went, if possible, even redder. Snape's lip curled, but he left, shutting the door with a snap. â€Å"Now, then,† said Professor Lupin, beckoning the class toward the end of the room, where there was nothing but an old wardrobe where the teachers kept their spare robes. As Professor Lupin went to stand next to it, the wardrobe gave a sudden wobble, banging off the wall. â€Å"Nothing to worry about,† said Professor Lupin calmly because a few people had jumped backward in alarm. â€Å"There's a Boggart in there.† Most people seemed to feel that this was something to worry about. Neville gave Professor Lupin a look of pure terror, and Seamus Finnigan eyed the now rattling doorknob apprehensively. â€Å"Boggarts like dark, enclosed spaces,† said Professor Lupin. â€Å"Wardrobes, the gap beneath beds, the cupboards under sinks — I've even met one that had lodged itself in a grandfather clock. This one moved in yesterday afternoon, and I asked the headmaster if the staff would leave it to give my third years some practice.† â€Å"So, the first question we must ask ourselves is, what is a Boggart?† Hermione put up her hand. â€Å"It's a shape-shifter,† she said. â€Å"It can take the shape of whatever it thinks will frighten us most.† â€Å"Couldn't have put it better myself,† said Professor Lupin, and Hermione glowed. â€Å"So the Boggart sitting in the darkness within has not yet assumed a form. He does not yet know what will frighten the person on the other side of the door. Nobody knows what a Boggart looks like when he is alone, but when I let him out, he will immediately become whatever each of us most fears. â€Å"This means,† said Professor Lupin, choosing to ignore Neville's small sputter of terror, â€Å"that we have a huge advantage over the Boggart before we begin. Have you spotted it, Harry?† Trying to answer a question with Hermione next to him, bobbing up and down on the balls of her feet with her hand in the air, was very off-putting, but Harry had a go. â€Å"Er — because there are so many of us, it won't know what shape it should be?† â€Å"Precisely,† said Professor Lupin, and Hermione put her hand down, looking a little disappointed. â€Å"It's always best to have company when you're dealing with a Boggart. He becomes confused. Which should he become, a headless corpse or a flesh-eating slug? I once saw a Boggart make that very mistake — tried to frighten two people at once and turned himself into half a slug. Not remotely frightening. ‘The charm that repels a Boggart is simple, yet it requires force of mind. You see, the thing that really finishes a Boggart is laughter. What you need to do is force it to assume a shape that you find amusing. â€Å"We will practice the charm without wands first. After me, please†¦riddikulus!† â€Å"Riddikulus!† said the class together. â€Å"Good,† said Professor Lupin. â€Å"Very good. But that was the easy part, I'm afraid. You see, the word alone is not enough. And this is where you come in, Neville.† The wardrobe shook again, though not as much as Neville, who walked forward as though he were heading for the gallows. â€Å"Right, Neville,† said Professor Lupin. â€Å"First things first: what would you say is the thing that frightens you most in the world?† Neville's lips moved, but no noise came out. â€Å"I didn't catch that, Neville, sorry,† said Professor Lupin cheerfully. Neville looked around rather wildly, as though begging someone to help him, then said, in barely more than a whisper, â€Å"Professor Snape.† Nearly everyone laughed. Even Neville grinned apologetically. Professor Lupin, however, looked thoughtful. â€Å"Professor Snape†¦hmmm†¦Neville, I believe you live with your grandmother?† â€Å"Er — yes,† said Neville nervously. â€Å"But — I don't want the Boggart to turn into her either.† â€Å"No, no, you misunderstand me,† said Professor Lupin, now smiling. â€Å"I wonder, could you tell us what sort of clothes your grandmother usually wears?† Neville looked startled, but said, â€Å"Well†¦always the same hat. A tall one with a stuffed vulture on top. And a long dress†¦green, normally†¦and sometimes a fox-fur scarf.† â€Å"And a handbag?† prompted Professor Lupin. â€Å"A big red one,† said Neville. â€Å"Right then,† said Professor Lupin. â€Å"Can you picture those clothes very clearly, Neville? Can you see them in your mind's eye?† â€Å"Yes,† said Neville uncertainty, plainly wondering what was coming next. â€Å"When the Boggart bursts out of this wardrobe, Neville, and sees you, it will assume the form of Professor Snape,† said Lupin. â€Å"And you will raise your wand — thus — and cry â€Å"Riddikulus† — and concentrate hard on your grandmother's clothes. If all goes well, Professor Boggart Snape will be forced into that vulture-topped hat, and that green dress, with that big red handbag.† There was a great shout of laughter. The wardrobe wobbled more violently. â€Å"If Neville is successful, the Boggart is likely to shift his attention to each of us in turn,† said Professor Lupin. â€Å"I would like all of you to take a moment now to think of the thing that scares you most, and imagine how you might force it to look comical†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The room went quiet. Harry thought†¦What scared him most in the world? His first thought was Lord Voldemort — a Voldemort returned to full strength. But before he had even started to plan a possible counterattack on a Boggart-Voldemort, a horrible image came floating to the surface of his mind†¦. A rotting, glistening hand, slithering back beneath a black cloak†¦a long, rattling breath from an unseen mouth†¦then a cold so penetrating it felt like drowning†¦ Harry shivered, then looked around, hoping no one had noticed. Many people had their eyes shut tight. Ron was muttering to himself, â€Å"Take its legs off.† Harry was sure he knew what that was about. Ron's greatest fear was spiders. â€Å"Everyone ready?† said Professor Lupin. Harry felt a lurch of fear. He wasn't ready. How could you make a Dementor less frightening? But he didn't want to ask for more time; everyone else was nodding and rolling up their sleeves. â€Å"Neville, we're going to back away,† said Professor Lupin. â€Å"Let you have a clear field, all right? I'll call the next person forward†¦Everyone back, now, so Neville can get a clear shot –â€Å" They all retreated, backed against the walls, leaving Neville alone beside the wardrobe. He looked pale and frightened, but he had pushed up the sleeves of his robes and was holding his wand ready. â€Å"On the count of three, Neville,† said Professor Lupin, who was pointing his own wand at the handle of the wardrobe. â€Å"One — two — three — now!† A jet of sparks shot from the end of Professor Lupin's wand and hit the doorknob. The wardrobe burst open. Hook-nosed and menacing, Professor Snape stepped out, his eyes flashing at Neville. Neville backed away, his wand up, mouthing wordlessly. Snape was bearing down upon him, reaching inside his robes. â€Å"R — r — riddikulus! † squeaked Neville. There was a noise like a whip crack. Snape stumbled; he was wearing a long, lace-trimmed dress and a towering hat topped with a moth-eaten vulture, and he was swinging a huge crimson handbag. There was a roar of laughter; the Boggart paused, confused, and Professor Lupin shouted, â€Å"Parvati! Forward!† Parvati walked forward, her face set. Snape rounded on her. There was another crack, and where he had stood was a bloodstained, bandaged mummy; its sightless face was turned to Parvati and it began to walk toward her very slowly, dragging its feet, its stiff arms rising — â€Å"Riddikulus!† cried Parvati. A bandage unraveled at the mummy's feet; it became entangled, fell face forward, and its head rolled off. â€Å"Seamus!† roared Professor Lupin. Seamus darted past Parvati. Crack! Where the mummy had been was a woman with floorlength black hair and a skeletal, green-tinged face — a banshee. She opened her mouth wide and an unearthly sound filled the room, a long, wailing shriek that made the hair on Harry's head stand on end — â€Å"Riddikulus!† shouted Seamus. The banshee made a rasping noise and clutched her throat; her voice was gone. Crack! The banshee turned into a rat, which chased its tail in a circle, then — crack!- became a rattlesnake, which slithered and writhed before — crack! — becoming a single, bloody eyeball. â€Å"It's confused!† shouted Lupin. â€Å"We're getting there! Dean!† Dean hurried forward. Crack! The eyeball became a severed hand, which flipped over and began to creep along the floor like a crab. â€Å"Riddikulus!† yelled Dean. There was a snap, and the hand was trapped in a mousetrap. â€Å"Excellent! Ron, you next!† Ron leapt forward. Crack! Quite a few people screamed. A giant spider, six feet tall and covered in hair, was advancing on Ron, clicking its pincers menacingly. For a moment, Harry thought Ron had frozen. Then — â€Å"Riddikulus!† bellowed Ron, and the spider's legs vanished; it rolled over and over; Lavender Brown squealed and ran out of its way and it came to a halt at Harry's feet. He raised his wand, ready, but — â€Å"Here!† shouted Professor Lupin suddenly, hurrying forward. Crack! The legless spider had vanished. For a second, everyone looked wildly around to see where it was. Then they saw a silvery-white orb hanging in the air in front of Lupin, who said, â€Å"Riddikulus!† almost lazily. Crack! â€Å"Forward, Neville, and finish him off!† said Lupin as the Boggart landed on the floor as a cockroach. Crack! Snape was back. This time Neville charged forward looking determined. â€Å"Riddikulus!† he shouted, and they had a split second's view of Snape in his lacy dress before Neville let out a great â€Å"Ha!† of laughter, and the Boggart exploded, burst into a thousand tiny wisps of smoke, and was gone. â€Å"Excellent!† cried Professor Lupin as the class broke into applause. â€Å"Excellent, Neville. Well done, everyone†¦Let me see†¦five points to Gryffindor for every person to tackle the Boggart — ten for Neville because he did it twice†¦and five each to Hermione and Harry.† â€Å"But I didn't do anything,† said Harry. â€Å"You and Hermione answered my questions correctly at the start of the class, Harry,† Lupin said lightly. â€Å"Very well, everyone, an excellent lesson. Homework, kindly read the chapter on Boggarts and summarize it for me†¦to be handed in on Monday. That will be all.† Talking excitedly, the class left the staffroom. Harry, however, wasn't feeling cheerful. Professor Lupin had deliberately stopped him from tackling the Boggart. Why? Was it because he'd seen Harry collapse on the train, and thought he wasn't up to much? Had he thought Harry would pass out again? But no one else seemed to have noticed anything. â€Å"Did you see me take that banshee?† shouted Seamus. â€Å"And the hand!† said Dean, waving his own around. â€Å"And Snape in that hat!† â€Å"And my mummy!† â€Å"I wonder why Professor Lupin's frightened of crystal balls?† said Lavender thoughtfully. â€Å"That was the best Defense Against the Dark Arts lesson we've ever had, wasn't it?† said Ron excitedly as they made their way back to the classroom to get their bags. â€Å"He seems like a very good teacher,† said Hermione approvingly. â€Å"But I wish I could have had a turn with the Boggart –â€Å" â€Å"What would it have been for you?† said Ron, sniggering. â€Å"A piece of homework that only got nine out of ten?†

Brave New World Critical Lens Essay

â€Å"I have freedom,† you say? Do you really? Perhaps, in some ways, you do. But in the end, you’re just another puppet being controlled by invisible strings whether you know it or not. â€Å"Man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains,† Jean-Jacques Rousseau once said. In society, man is â€Å"chained† and controlled by the government, by pressure of conforming to the social norms, by wealth and social class, and by one’s desires and emotions. Prior to birth, man is not restricted by such factors but that is merely a fleeting moment as he is slowly exposed to more and more of the world. I agree that â€Å"everywhere [man] is in chains,† but on the contrary, I believe man is already chained from the start—that man is never free. In the novel, Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, babies are â€Å"decanted† and conditioned to play out their predestined roles in the World State. As early as the embryonic stage, babies-to-be alr eady have their fates determined for them. In addition to conditioning, a drug called soma that induces a false sense of happiness dominates these people’s lives. As long as there is society, there will be shackles. Subjects of the World State were pre-separated into specific caste levels through processes such as the Bokanovsky Process, hypnopaedia, and Pavlovian conditioning. As mere embryos, they were already being trained for their predestined fates. By the time they reached the end of the â€Å"assembly line,† freedom did not exist anymore. They were enslaved to society. They were conditioned to strictly love and enjoy the aspects of their own castes and dislike the aspects of other castes. â€Å"We also predestine and condition. We decant our babies as socialized human beings, as Alphas or Epsilons, as future sewage workers†¦ (13)† stated the Director of Hatcheries matter-of-factly. How can man be born—or in this case, decanted ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€free if he can’t even make his own major life decisions or think for himself? Aside from conditioning, World State citizens so easily obeyed the government because they lived in such a â€Å"perfect† world that there just wasn’t anything to complain about. Generally, they didn’t have any problems in regards to sickness, death, desires, old age, passion, relationships and other issues that were often associated with an â€Å"unstable† society. â€Å"People are happy; they get what they want, and they never want what they can’t get.  (220)† If anything â€Å"bad† happened, all they had to do was take a tablet. â€Å"And do remember that a gramme is better than a damn. (55)† The World State government kept their people in â€Å"bottles.† â€Å"’Each one of us, of course†¦goes through life inside a bottle,’ stated Mustapha Mond. (222-223)† The government expected everyone to act according to the standard of infantile behavior—of simple satisfaction, ignorance, and lack of self-restraint and they condemned anyone who acted otherwise. Citizens of the society were encouraged to take soma when distressed and attend social events and activities and so on. It was through such ways that the people were kept distracted and obliviously controlled. These â€Å"socialized human beings† were so ignorant of the shackles around their limbs that they didn’t even try or think to take them off. When a man is born with chains—metaphorically speaking, of course—he is unaware of them. And if he is unaware of them, then there is no way for him to escape them. Such is the case with the people of the World State. They are conditioned to accept and even enjoy whatever path that is laid out in front of them. In this illusion of a perfect world, everyone is happy and without a care as the government does all the thinking for them. Ultimately, people of the World State are permanently trapped in a stage of â€Å"infancy†Ã¢â‚¬â€even upon their deathbeds.

ENDANGERED SPECIES essays

ENDANGERED SPECIES essays Endangered species are living things whose population is so reduced that they are threatened with extinction. Thousands of species are included in this category. The International Union for the Conservation of nature and Natural Resources publishes a list of threatened mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and (many people donÕt consider them) plants. Millions of years before humans, extinction of living things was linked to geological and climate, the effects of which were translated into major alternation of the environment. Environmental change is still the primary cause of the extinction of animals, but now the changes are greatly accelerated by humans activity. Clearing land for farms and towns, lumbering, mining, building dams, and draining wetlands all alter the environments so extensively that ecosystems may be completely destroyed. With a burgeoning human population requiring food, shelter, and clothing and constantly demanding more energy-using devices, the temperation to exploit land for human use without regard for consequences is great. Frequently, several forms of environmental change are responsible for the disappearance of species. For example, as tropical forests are cut down, primates have progressively smaller feeding and living spaces. They also become more accessible to hunters, who kill monkeys for food and trap many primates for sale as pets, research animals, and zoo specimens. Some animal species may move into human communities when their own are destroyed. Extermination of marauding monkeys, roaming tigers, or foraging deer is easy to justify by people whose livelihood is threatened. Pollution is another form of environments change. Forty species of birds in the United States, including peregrine hawk, bald eagle, pelicans, and roseate terns, lay thin-shelled as a result of ingesting degradation products of and some other chlorination hydrocarbon insecticides that make ...

Law vs. Ethics ( In Training) Business Law Assignments Essay

Law vs. Ethics ( In Training) Business Law Assignments - Essay Example This diversity is also evident especially when according to one person or group, a certain behavior may be unethical or unlawful, but to the other it is acceptable. Ethics comprise of â€Å"divine† behaviors, which an individual ought to do to others, and expect a similar reciprocation despite many of them lacking tangible documentation. Conversely, laws are universal, consistent, legislated, written and accepted directives whose core purpose is to show the government’s position concerning a society’s behavior. Despite laws and ethics being applicable in all occupations entailing human life, they do not have a common standard (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee 84). Since, the relationship amid the two in some circumstances usually differs despite both having a similar core purpose. For illustration, in some instances what many people perceive to be illegal may be ethical or vice versa whereas in other occasions both the law and ethics overlap. This is evident in the medical field where the law compels the doctor to act as necessitated in providing the necessary assistance to the ailing person, which is also in accordance to ethics (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee 594). However, it is not a law for the doctor when he or she is unable to handle a certain patient’s condition to refer him or her to a more experienced specialist (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee 151). This is an ethical responsibility where the doctor acts compassionately to help the patient. The doctor could wait for the hospital’s m anagement to dictate the patient’s next move according to the patient’s progress records. Hence, implying laws are ethically neutral. This is because there is no room where law enforcement process can compel the specialist to act at his or her level best given that ethics emanate from a person’s moral values (Kerridge, Lowe and McPhee 146). In addition, laws compared to the ethics are stricter and entail full conformity where one fails to comply with them. Therefore, one is

Technique for a Full Golf Swing a 7-Iron Assignment

Technique for a Full Golf Swing a 7-Iron - Assignment Example To commence the swing, the head should be behind the ball, hips open, forward the arm, with the leg and shaft stacked over the golf ball. To ensure the correct path of the backswing of 7-iron, stand with knees slightly flexed and feet together and get a good ball fight which ensures that the club is on the plane. If you have an incorrect start to the backswing, this makes it hard to consistently square up the clubface at impact. The swing should start the swing with a little more weight on your front foot. Halt the swing when your hands are actually level with the outside of your right thigh. During the swing, an incorrect shoulder turn leads to an inconsistent contact with the ball. As a result, one should ensure that they have the correct shoulder turn. When hitting the golf ball straight, the golfer needs to align his body parallel to the target line of the ball. Adopt a neutral grip with the back of the left hand that is parallel to the clubface. Move your body and arms in such a way that you can trace a straight plane line with the right index finger and club shaft during the backswing, as well as the downswing with the hands below the waist level.